Impact of COPD stage on self management with COPD patients: The mediating role of symptoms management.

Published in: Journal of clinical nursing (2024)

Patients' COPD stage was determined by a pulmonologist involved in the study. Voluntary patients with COPD hospitalised in the pulmonology clinic were included in the study.

Keyphrases

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
end stage renal disease
lung function
ejection fraction
newly diagnosed
chronic kidney disease
prognostic factors
primary care
air pollution