Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets.
Maria I Mosquera-HerediaLuis C MoralesOscar M VidalErnesto BarcelóCarlos Silvera-RedondoJorge Iván VélezPilar Garavito-GalofrePublished in: Biomedicines (2021)
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells, both constitutively and after cell activation, and are present in different types of biological fluid. Exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, pregnancy disorders and cardiovascular diseases, and have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the detection, prognosis and therapeutics of a myriad of diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances related to the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release and molecular composition, as well as their role in health and disease, and their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of their main isolation methods, characterization and cargo analysis, as well as the experimental methods used for exosome-mediated drug delivery, are discussed. Finally, we present potential perspectives for the use of exosomes in future clinical practice.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- stem cells
- drug delivery
- clinical practice
- cardiovascular disease
- public health
- induced apoptosis
- type diabetes
- mental health
- small molecule
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cell therapy
- cancer therapy
- oxidative stress
- bone marrow
- papillary thyroid
- cell cycle arrest
- risk assessment
- coronary artery disease
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell proliferation
- health promotion
- current status
- health information
- squamous cell