Carboxylate-Containing Two-Photon Probe for the Simultaneous Detection of Extra- and Intracellular pH Values in Colon Cancer Tissue.
Ho Young SiMyoung Ki ChoJi Su KangChoong-Kyun NohSung Jae ShinChang Su LimHwan Myung KimPublished in: Analytical chemistry (2018)
Acidified extracellular pH (pHe) is directly related to various disorders such as tumor invasion and the resistance to drugs. In this study, we developed two-photon-excitable emission ratiometric probes (XBH1-3) for the in situ measurement of pHe. These probes, based on benzimidazole and polar solubilizing groups, exhibited a strong two-photon-induced fluorescence and sensitive blue-to-green emission color changes with p Ka values of 5.1-5.7. XBH1, containing a carboxylic acid, stained the extracellular region in neutral media; it entered the cell under acidic media, thereby allowing a precise measurement of the extra- and intra-cellular pH values in the acidified tissue. XBH2, containing the sulfonate peripheral unit, facilitated the monitoring of the pHe value only. Ratiometric two-photon microscopy imaging revealed that XBH1 can directly monitor the pH values both inside and outside the cells in colon cancer tissue; there is also the morphological aspect. This could be useful for cancer analyses and drug development.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- single molecule
- fluorescent probe
- high resolution
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- quantum dots
- squamous cell carcinoma
- label free
- signaling pathway
- small molecule
- oxidative stress
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell
- fluorescence imaging
- young adults
- mass spectrometry
- solid state
- pi k akt
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- endothelial cells
- sensitive detection
- real time pcr