Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatment of Viral Diseases.
Carl Randall HarrellBiljana Popovska JovicicValentin DjonovVladislav VolarevicPublished in: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult, immunomodulatory stem cells which reside in almost all postnatal tissues. Viral antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured and infected cells activate MSCs, which elicit strong antiviral immune response. MSC-sourced interferons and inflammatory cytokines modulate the cytotoxicity of NK cells and CTLs, enhance the antigen-presentation properties of DCs and macrophages, regulate cytokine synthesis in CD4+ T helper cells and promote antibody production in B cells. After the elimination of viral pathogens, MSCs produce immunoregulatory cytokines and trophic factors, prevent the over-activation of immune cells and promote tissue repair and regeneration. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the MSC-dependent elimination of virus-infected cells, and we emphasize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretomes in the treatment of viral diseases.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- umbilical cord
- stem cells
- sars cov
- cell cycle arrest
- immune response
- bone marrow
- nk cells
- healthcare
- oxidative stress
- dendritic cells
- preterm infants
- cell therapy
- gene expression
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- inflammatory response
- combination therapy
- gram negative
- regulatory t cells
- replacement therapy