Using Instrument-Guided Team Reflection and Debriefing to Cultivate Teamwork Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes in Pre-Clerkship Learning Teams.

Drawing on the science of teamwork and the science of learning, we designed an instrument-guided team reflection and debriefing activity to foster teamwork knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) in medical students. We then embedded this activity within and between a biweekly series of pre-clerkship Team-Based Learning sessions with the goal of encouraging medical students to cultivate a practical and metacognitive appreciation of eight foundational teamwork KSAs that are applicable to both healthcare teams and classroom learning teams. On evaluations, 144 learners from a class of 156 reported increased appreciation for and team improvement with these teamwork KSAs.