Evidence of increased humoral endocrine organ-specific autoimmunity in severe and classic X-chromosome aneuploidies in comparison with 46,XY control subjects.

These results suggest for the first time that the risk of endocrine organ-specific humoral autoimmunity progressively increases with the severity of X-chromosome polisomy. The screening for diabetes-, thyroid-, and gastric-specific autoimmunity should be considered in clinical practice for identifying rare and classic X-chromosome aneuploid patients at risk of developing organ-specific autoimmune diseases.