Systemic enantioselectivity study of penthiopyrad: enantioselective bioactivity, acute toxicity, degradation and influence on tomato.

The S-enantiomer is highly effective and less toxic. The development of enantiomer pure S-(+)-PEN products might be an efficient and low-risk strategy. The results lay the foundation for comprehensive evaluation and proper application of PEN. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.