Low-/negative-pressure hydrocephalus (LPH/NePH) is uncommon in clinical practice, and doctors are unfamiliar with it. LPH/NePH is frequently caused by other central nervous system diseases, and patients are frequently misdiagnosed with other types of hydrocephalus, resulting in delayed treatment. LPH/NePH therapy evolved to therapeutic measures based on "external ventricular drainage below atmospheric pressure" as the number of patients with LPH/NePH described in the literature has increased. However, the mechanism of LPH/NePH formation is unknown. Thus, understanding the process of LPH/NePH development is the most important step in improving diagnosis and treatment capability. Based on case reports of LPH/NePH, we reviewed theories of transcortical pressure difference, excessive cerebral venous drainage, brain viscoelastic changes, and porous elastic sponges.
Keyphrases
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- cerebrospinal fluid
- end stage renal disease
- clinical practice
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- systematic review
- cerebral ischemia
- chronic kidney disease
- brain injury
- heart failure
- ultrasound guided
- peritoneal dialysis
- palliative care
- particulate matter
- prognostic factors
- white matter
- air pollution
- body mass index
- blood brain barrier
- replacement therapy
- catheter ablation
- carbon dioxide