Incidence of bladder cancer in Benghazi, Libya over the past three decades.

There are limited data on the disease of bladder cancer in Libya. The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of incidence and clinical presentation of bladder cancer in Benghazi, Libya. This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted among consecutive individuals who were diagnosed and/or were treated for bladder cancer from January 1st 1983 to December 31st 2009. A total of 835 cases of bladder tumour were recorded. The world age-standardized incidence rate was 13.1 and 1.9 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. The mean (standard deviation) age of all patients was 63.7 (14.7). The majority of patients (n = 750, 89.8%) were male, two-thirds of which (n = 594, 79.2%) were smokers while all female patients were non-smokers. Hematuria was the most frequent presenting symptom. Most tumours were well differentiated, and transitional cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type. The incidence of bladder cancer in Libya is lower than most developed countries, increases by aging, and is more prevalent among males. The incidence of this disease is expected to grow in developing countries such as Libya because of increase in smoking popularity, the shift to sedentary life, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.