Design of a Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework System for Enhanced Targeted Delivery to Mitochondria.
Salame HaddadIsabel Abánades LázaroMarcus FanthamAjay MishraJoaquín Silvestre-AlberoJohannes W M OsterriethGabriele S Kaminski SchierleClemens F KaminskiRoss S ForganDavid Fairen-JimenezPublished in: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2020)
Mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis and constitute one of the most important targets for cancer treatments. Although the most effective way to deliver drugs to mitochondria is by covalently linking them to a lipophilic cation, the in vivo delivery of free drugs still constitutes a critical bottleneck. Herein, we report the design of a mitochondria-targeted metal-organic framework (MOF) that greatly increases the efficacy of a model cancer drug, reducing the required dose to less than 1% compared to the free drug and ca. 10% compared to the nontargeted MOF. The performance of the system is evaluated using a holistic approach ranging from microscopy to transcriptomics. Super-resolution microscopy of MCF-7 cells treated with the targeted MOF system reveals important mitochondrial morphology changes that are clearly associated with cell death as soon as 30 min after incubation. Whole transcriptome analysis of cells indicates widespread changes in gene expression when treated with the MOF system, specifically in biological processes that have a profound effect on cell physiology and that are related to cell death. We show how targeting MOFs toward mitochondria represents a valuable strategy for the development of new drug delivery systems.
Keyphrases
- metal organic framework
- cell death
- cell cycle arrest
- gene expression
- induced apoptosis
- single cell
- papillary thyroid
- cancer therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum
- reactive oxygen species
- high resolution
- high throughput
- single molecule
- squamous cell
- drug induced
- oxidative stress
- dna methylation
- optical coherence tomography
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- quantum dots
- intellectual disability
- high speed
- emergency department
- newly diagnosed
- signaling pathway
- drug delivery
- cell proliferation
- stem cells
- bone marrow
- adverse drug