Degradation of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solutions via TiO 2 -Assisted Photo Catalyze.

Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) from spiked aqueous solutions, via a UV/TiO 2 system, was investigated, and the optimum photocatalyst type (P25 Degussa) and dose (500 mg/L), as well as irradiation time (45 min), were established. The degradation process kinetics was studied, and a degradation rate constant of 3.14 × 10 -5 M min -1 was calculated for CBZ, using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. Experiments performed in the presence of scavengers showed that the main reactive species involved in the degradation process are holes and free hydroxyl radicals; superoxide radicals also play a role in CBZ degradation. Eight transformation products of CBZ were identified, and a possible degradation pathway, consisting of four routes, was proposed. Toxicity and genotoxicity tests were also performed for both untreated and treated CBZ solutions, proving that the use of a UV/TiO 2 system represents a suitable treatment approach for aqueous systems with CBZ content.