Haze Attitudes and the Willingness to Pay for Haze Improvement: Evidence from Four Cities in Shandong Province, China.

City-specific differences in WTP may caution against "one size fits all" policies. The study indicates that the government may need to target policies to specific cities and the characteristics of residents in those cities by age, education, and income groups and residents' subjective evaluation of the government and the haze problem and those responsible for pollution.