Fatherhood and Smoking Problems in Indonesia: Exploration of Potential Protective Factors for Men Aged 18-49 Years from the United Nations Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence.

In this study, fatherhood represents an aspect of traditionally masculine roles, offering a new perspective for looking at smoking problems in Indonesia. Other key aspects of traditional masculinity characteristics, the breadwinner role, occupation and sources of family income had significant associations with smoking status and CPD. Men smoked fewer CPD as fathers and when sharing the financial responsibility for their family equally with their spouse.