Establishing a Green, Lean and Six Sigma implementation model for sustainable construction industry: an analysis of driving forces through ISM-MICMAC approach.

Green Lean Six Sigma adoption (GLSA) is an emerging concept that enhances product quality, safety and the overall performance of the firms. Few studies attempted to explore and examine the DFs of GLSA towards creating a strong urge in the stakeholders for long-term economic, ecological and productivity advantages. Major 32 DFs were initially explored to fill this gap by conducting a literature review and semi-structured interviews with different experts. Then, using the Delphi method, 28 DFs pertinent to the construction industry of Pakistan were screened, and established a seven-stages structural model by employing the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. Through Matriced' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliquee a UN Classement (MICMAC) method, the DFs were categorized into "autonomous," "dependent," and "linking" segments. The results signify that "energy efficiency," "government incentives," "waste minimization," "resources conservation and recycling," and "water efficiency" were the top five DFs for GLSA. Further, the comparison with other countries reveals that the most significant driving force, "government incentives," is substantial for GLSA in the emerging economy of Pakistan. This article enhances knowledge of significant DFs for GLSA, furnishing a considerable source for managers, professionals, and policymakers to encourage GLSA at a wider level.