Progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research.
Irlan de Almeida FreiresDavid Fernando Colon MoreloLélio Fernando Ferreira SoaresIsabela Silva CostaLeonardo Pereira de AraújoIsadora BreseghelloHenrique Ballassini AbdallaJosy Goldoni LazariniPedro Luiz RosalenSuzane Cristina PigossiMarcelo FranchinPublished in: Archives of toxicology (2023)
Cell culture and invertebrate animal models reflect a significant evolution in scientific research by providing reliable evidence on the physiopathology of diseases, screening for new drugs, and toxicological tests while reducing the need for mammals. In this review, we discuss the progress and promise of alternative animal and non-animal methods in biomedical research, with a special focus on drug toxicity.
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