High Recovery of Ceramic Membrane Cleaning Remediation by Ozone Nanobubble Technology.

The persistent issue of ceramic membrane fouling poses significant challenges to its widespread implementation. To address this concern, ozone nanobubbles (ozone-NBs) have garnered attention due to their remarkable mass transfer efficiency. In this investigation, we present a novel ozone-NB generator system to effectively clean a fouled ceramic membrane that is typically employed in the dye industry. The surface characteristics of the ceramic membrane underwent significant alterations, manifesting incremental changes in surface roughness and foulant accumulation reduction, as evidenced in atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Remarkably, the sequential 4 h cleaning process demonstrates an effective outcome leading to an almost 2-fold enhancement in the membrane flux. The initial fouled state of 608 L/h/m 2 increased to 1050 L/h/m 2 in the 4 h state with a recovery of 50%. We propose such membrane performance improvement governed by the ozone-NBs with a size distribution of 213.2 nm and a zeta potential value of -20.26 ± 0.13 mV, respectively. This effort showcases a substantial innovative and sustainable technology approach toward proficient foulant removal in water treatment applications.