Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA escape syndrome.

A 54-year-old man with treated HIV developed a subacute deterioration of speech, mobility and cognition. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a raised protein and a discordant CSF HIV RNA paired with plasma HIV RNA, confirming the diagnosis of CSF HIV RNA escape syndrome. It is important to consider this diagnosis in people with treated HIV who develop new neurological symptoms.