Detection of Au+ Ions During Fluorine Gas-Assisted Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for the Complete Elemental Characterization of Microbatteries.
Agnieszka PriebeJordi Sastre-PellicerMoritz H FutscherJakub JurczykMarcos V Puydinger Dos SantosYaroslav E RomanyukJohann MichlerPublished in: ACS applied materials & interfaces (2021)
Due to excellent electric conductivity and chemical inertness, Au can be used in new microdevices for energy applications, microelectronics, and biomedical solutions. However, the chemical analysis of Au-containing systems using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) can be difficult because of the negative ionization of Au, as most metals form positive ions, and therefore cannot be detected from the same analytical volume. In this work, we present the potential of fluorine gas coinjection for altering the polarity, from the negative to positive, of Au secondary ions generated under Ga+ beam bombardment. The importance of detecting Au+ ions and representing their spatial distribution in nanoscale was demonstrated using a novel solid electrolyte for Li-ion solid-state batteries, amorphous Li7La3Zr2O12 (aLLZO). This allowed for assessing the migration of mobile Li+ ions outside the aLLZO layer and alloying the Au layer with Li, which explained the presence of an internal electric field observed during the polarization measurements. Remarkably, during fluorine gas-assisted TOF-SIMS measurements, the trace amount of Au content (5 ppm) was detected in a Pt layer (unattainable under standard vacuum conditions). In conclusion, fluorine gas-assisted TOF-SIMS can help understanding operation mechanisms and potential degradation processes of microdevices and therefore help optimizing their functionality.
Keyphrases
- mass spectrometry
- solid state
- sensitive detection
- quantum dots
- reduced graphene oxide
- liquid chromatography
- ms ms
- positron emission tomography
- gas chromatography
- ion batteries
- room temperature
- pet imaging
- high resolution
- loop mediated isothermal amplification
- high performance liquid chromatography
- water soluble
- capillary electrophoresis
- pet ct
- ionic liquid
- gold nanoparticles
- carbon dioxide
- single molecule
- computed tomography
- risk assessment
- drinking water