Time-averaged concentration estimation of uraemic toxins with different removal kinetics: a novel approach based on intradialytic spent dialysate measurements.

Intradialytic serum TAC of different uraemic toxins can be estimated non-invasively from their concentration in spent dialysate. This sets the stage for TAC estimation from online optical monitoring of spent dialysate concentrations of diverse solutes and for further optimization of estimation models for each uraemic toxin.