Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood-brain barrier.

Infectious PAMPs significantly modify the expression and function of MDR transporters in hfBECs, though effects are PAMP-, time- and dose-specific. In conclusion, bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy likely have profound effects on exposure of the fetal brain to physiological and pharmacological substrates of P-gp and BCRP, potentially leading to altered trajectories of fetal brain development.