Cortical thickness abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder revealed by structural magnetic resonance imaging: Newborns to young adults.
Jacob LevmanCynthia ForgeronTadashi ShiohamaPatrick MacDonaldNatalie StewartAshley LimLindsay BerriganEmi TakahashiPublished in: International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience (2022)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition for which we have an incomplete understanding, and so brain imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be able to assist in characterising and understanding the presentation of the brain in an ADHD population. Statistical and computational methods were used to compare participants with ADHD and neurotypical controls at a variety of developmental stages to assess detectable abnormal neurodevelopment potentially associated with ADHD and to assess our ability to diagnose and characterise the condition from real-world clinical MRI examinations. T1-weighted structural MRI examinations (n = 993; 0-31 years old [YO]) were obtained from neurotypical controls, and 637 examinations were obtained from patients with ADHD (0-26 YO). Measures of average (mean) regional cortical thickness were acquired, alongside the first reporting of regional cortical thickness variability (as assessed with the standard deviation [SD]) in ADHD. A comparison between the inattentive and combined (inattentive and hyperactive) subtypes of ADHD is also provided. A preliminary independent validation was also performed on the publicly available ADHD200 dataset. Relative to controls, subjects with ADHD had, on average, lowered SD of cortical thicknesses and increased mean thicknesses across several key regions potentially linked with known symptoms of ADHD, including the precuneus and supramarginal gyrus.
Keyphrases
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
- magnetic resonance imaging
- working memory
- contrast enhanced
- young adults
- computed tomography
- optical coherence tomography
- pregnant women
- magnetic resonance
- high resolution
- multiple sclerosis
- diffusion weighted imaging
- case report
- electronic health record
- adverse drug
- fluorescence imaging