Recent Progress on Multi-Component Reactions Involving Nucleophile, Arynes and CO 2 .

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a non-toxic, abundant and recoverable source of carbon monoxide. Despite its thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert nature, research on CO 2 utilisation is ongoing. CO 2 -based aryne reactions, crucial for synthesising ortho -substituted benzoic acids and their cyclisation products, have garnered significant attention, and multi-component reactions (MCRs) involving CO 2 , aryne and nucleophilic reagents have been extensively studied. This review highlights recent advancements in CO 2 capture reactions utilising phenylalkyne reactive intermediates. Mechanistic insights into these reactions are provided together with prospects for further development in this field.