Polarization-Dependent Large Photorefractive Effect In A Wide Bandgap 2D Metal Halide Ferroelectric.

Photorefractive effect of ferroelectrics refers to the light-induced change of refractive index, which is an optical controlling avenue in holographic storage and image processing. For most ferroelectrics, however, the small photorefractive effect (10 -5 -10 -4 ) hinders their practical application and it is urgent to exploit new photorefractive system. Here, for the first time, strong photorefractive effects are achieved in a 2D metal-halide ferroelectric, [CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 NH 3 ] 2 (CH 3 NH 3 )Pb 2 Cl 7 (1), showing large spontaneous polarization (≈4.1 µC cm -2 ) and wide optical bandgap (≈3.20 eV). Notably, under light irradiation, 1 enables a large variation of refractive indices up to ≈ 1× 10 -3 , being one order higher than the existing materials and comparable to the state-of-the-art inorganic ferroelectrics. This intriguing photorefractive behavior involves with the sharp variation of polarization caused by photo-pyroelectricity. As the first report of 2D metal-halide photorefractive ferroelectric, this work sheds light on optical controlling of physical properties in electric-ordered materials.