Induction of functional xeno-free MSCs from human iPSCs via a neural crest cell lineage.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells. Here, we induced MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via a neural crest cell (NCC) lineage under xeno-free conditions and evaluated their in vivo functions. We modified a previous MSC induction method to work under xeno-free conditions. Bovine serum albumin-containing NCC induction medium and fetal bovine serum-containing MSC induction medium were replaced with xeno-free medium. Through our optimized method, iPSCs differentiated into MSCs with high efficiency. To evaluate their in vivo activities, we transplanted the xeno-free-induced MSCs (XF-iMSCs) into mouse models for bone and skeletal muscle regeneration and confirmed their regenerative potency. These XF-iMSCs mainly promoted the regeneration of surrounding host cells, suggesting that they secrete soluble factors into affected regions. We also found that the peroxidasin and IGF2 secreted by the XF-iMSCs partially contributed to myotube differentiation. These results suggest that XF-iMSCs are important for future applications in regenerative medicine.