Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari-like malformation-associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels.

Clare Rusbridge Angus K McFadyen Susan Penelope Knowler

Published in: Journal of veterinary internal medicine (2019)

Signs of pain are common in CM/SM but are not SM-dependent, suggesting (not proving) CM-P causality. Wide (≥4 mm) SM is associated with signs of myelopathy and, if the dorsal horn is involved, phantom scratching (ipsilateral) and torticollis (shoulder deviated ipsilateral; head tilt contralateral).

Keyphrases

magnetic resonance imaging
neuropathic pain
spinal cord
chronic pain
pain management
spinal cord injury
emergency department
adverse drug
image quality
rotator cuff
dual energy
electronic health record
monte carlo