Ethylenation of aldehydes to 3-propanal, propanol and propanoic acid derivatives.

Methodology has been developed for the synthesis of 3-propanaldehydes through a five-step process in 11-67% yield from aldehydes. Aldehydes were reacted with Meldrum's acid through a Knoevenagel condensation to give materials that upon reduction with sodium borohydride and subsequent hydrolysis decarboxylation generated the corresponding 3-propanoic acid derivatives. The -propanoic acid derivatives were reduced to give 3-propanol derivatives, which were readily oxidised to target 3-propanal derivatives.