Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann Syndrome: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Challenges.
Marya HameedFatima SiddiquiFahad Hassan SheikhMuhammad Khuzzaim KhanBushra AdmaniPrasanna Kumar GangishettiPublished in: Brain & NeuroRehabilitation (2023)
Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is an X-linked recessive disorder resulting from mutations in the PHF6 gene. The syndrome is characterized by short stature, obesity, hypogonadism, hypotonia, intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, fleshy ears, and finger and toe abnormalities. However, the diagnostic challenge in identifying BFLS remains a topic of interest. In this case report, we present the clinical characteristics of a proband with BFLS, highlighting the additional features of hypotonia, intellectual disability, and distinctive facial features. While no definitive treatment exists for BFLS, patients benefit from specialized education and ongoing supervision from early childhood through adulthood. Symptomatic treatment, including close follow-up, may be necessary for complications such as seizures and hearing problems. Mastectomy or testosterone replacement therapy may be considered on a case-by-case basis. Genetic counseling for X-linkage should be offered to affected families.
Keyphrases
- intellectual disability
- replacement therapy
- case report
- autism spectrum disorder
- smoking cessation
- genome wide
- newly diagnosed
- end stage renal disease
- healthcare
- ejection fraction
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- depressive symptoms
- gene expression
- prognostic factors
- chronic kidney disease
- weight loss
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adipose tissue
- quality improvement
- patient reported outcomes
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv testing
- duchenne muscular dystrophy
- peritoneal dialysis
- transcription factor
- locally advanced
- hearing loss
- genome wide identification