Depletion of Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 1 Increases the Host Cell Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi Invasion.

Na + /H + exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), a member of a large family of integral membrane proteins, plays a role in regulating the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Trypanosoma cruzi , the agent of Chagas disease, depends on F-actin rearrangement and lysosome mobilization to invade host cells. To determine the involvement of NHE1 in T. cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote (MT) internalization, the effect of treatment in cells with NHE1 inhibitor amiloride or of NHE1 depletion was examined in human epithelial cells. MT invasion decreased in amiloride-treated and NHE1-depleted cells. The phosphorylation profile of diverse protein kinases, whose activation is associated with remodeling of actin fibers, was analyzed in amiloride-treated and NHE1-depleted cells. In amiloride-treated cells, the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC), focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt were similar to those of untreated cells, whereas those of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) increased. In NHE1-deficient cells, with marked alteration in the actin cytoskeleton architecture and in lysosome distribution, the levels of phospho-PKC and phospho-FAK decreased, whereas those of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK1/2 increased. These data indicate that NHE1 plays a role in MT invasion, by maintaining the activation status of diverse protein kinases in check and preventing the inappropriate F-actin arrangement that affects lysosome distribution.