A Senolytic-Eluting Coronary Stent for the Prevention of In-Stent Restenosis.
Cheesue KimSeul-Gee LeeSonghyun LimMungyo JungSung Pil KwonJihye HongMikyung KangHee Su SohnSeokhyeong GoSangjun MoonSeung-Jun LeeJung-Sun KimByung-Seok KimPublished in: ACS biomaterials science & engineering (2022)
The vast majority of drug-eluting stents (DES) elute either sirolimus or one of its analogues. While limus drugs stymie vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation to prevent in-stent restenosis, their antiproliferative nature is indiscriminate and limits healing of the endothelium in stented vessels, increasing the risk of late-stent thrombosis. Oxidative stress, which is associated with vascular injury from stent implantation, can induce VSMCs to undergo senescence, and senescent VSMCs can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines capable of inducing proliferation of neighboring nonsenescent VSMCs. We explored the potential of senolytic therapy, which involves the selective elimination of senescent cells, in the form of a senolytic-eluting stent (SES) for interventional cardiology. Oxidative stress was modeled in vitro by exposing VSMCs to H 2 O 2 , and H 2 O 2 -mediated senescence was evaluated by cytochemical staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and qRT-PCR. Quiescent VSMCs were then treated with the conditioned medium (CM) of H 2 O 2 -treated VSMCs. Proliferative effects of CM were analyzed by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Senolytic effects of the first-generation senolytic ABT263 were observed in vitro, and the effects of ABT263 on endothelial cells were also investigated through an in vitro re-endothelialization assay. SESs were prepared by dip coating. Iliofemoral arteries of hypercholesteremic rabbits were implanted with SES, everolimus-eluting stents (EESs), or bare-metal stents (BMSs), and the area of stenosis was measured 4 weeks post-implantation using optical coherence tomography. We found that a portion of H 2 O 2 -treated VSMCs underwent senescence, and that CM of H 2 O 2 -treated senescent VSMCs triggered the proliferation of quiescent VSMCs. ABT263 reverted H 2 O 2 -mediated senescence and the proliferative capacity of senescent VSMC CM. Unlike everolimus, ABT263 did not affect endothelial cell migration and/or proliferation. SES, but not EES, significantly reduced stenosis area in vivo compared with bare-metal stents (BMSs). This study shows the potential of SES as an alternative to current forms of DES.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- vascular smooth muscle cells
- dna damage
- oxidative stress
- signaling pathway
- induced apoptosis
- smooth muscle
- cell migration
- single cell
- stress induced
- angiotensin ii
- optical coherence tomography
- coronary artery
- coronary artery disease
- cell therapy
- emergency department
- stem cells
- newly diagnosed
- heart failure
- mass spectrometry
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- high resolution
- acute kidney injury
- high throughput
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- single molecule
- cell death
- flow cytometry
- human health
- bone marrow
- aortic valve
- atomic force microscopy