Identification of the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic syndrome.
Archana ArjunanDhiraj Kumar SahMinna WooJuhyun SongPublished in: Cell & bioscience (2023)
Neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by neuronal degeneration and glial dysfunction, resulting in cognitive, psychomotor, and behavioral impairment. Multiple factors including genetic, environmental, metabolic, and oxidant overload contribute to disease progression. Recent evidences suggest that metabolic syndrome is linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be accompanied by symptoms such as hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Despite advances in knowledge about the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments to combat neurodegenerative disorders caused by MetS have not been developed to date. Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency has been associated with MetS-related pathologies both in-vivo and in-vitro. IGF-1 is essential for embryonic and adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity, neurotropism, angiogenesis, metabolic function, and protein clearance in the brain. Here, we review the evidence for the potential therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in the neurodegeneration related to metabolic syndrome. We elucidate how IGF-1 may be involved in molecular signaling defects that occurs in MetS-related neurodegenerative disorders and highlight the importance of IGF-1 as a potential therapeutic target in MetS-related neurological diseases.
Keyphrases
- body mass index
- metabolic syndrome
- growth factor
- growth hormone
- binding protein
- insulin resistance
- pi k akt
- uric acid
- cerebral ischemia
- cardiovascular risk factors
- blood pressure
- endothelial cells
- cardiovascular disease
- weight loss
- white matter
- neuropathic pain
- glycemic control
- depressive symptoms
- anti inflammatory
- amino acid
- copy number
- wound healing
- functional connectivity
- blood brain barrier