Hepatitis B Virus Particles Activate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling Initially Upon Infection of Primary Human Hepatocytes.
Zhenhua ZhangMartin TripplerCatherine I RealMelanie WernerXufeng LuoStefan SchefczykThekla KemperOlympia E AnastasiouYvonne LadigesJuergen TreckmannAndreas PaulHideo A BabaLena AllweissMaura DandriGuido GerkenHeiner WedemeyerJoerg F SchlaakMengji LuRuth BroeringPublished in: Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) (2020)
PHHs are able to sense HBV particles through TLR2, leading to an activation of anti-HBV immune responses in vitro. These findings challenge the previously described stealth properties of HBV.