Non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the immunogenic regions of HIV-1 envelope reduce mucosal infection and virus burden in humanized mice.
Catarina E HioeGuangming LiXiaomei LiuOurania TsahouridisXiuting HeMasaya FunakiJéromine KlinglerAlex F TangRoya FeyznezhadDaniel W HeindelXiao-Hong WangDavid A SpencerGuangnan HuNamita SatijaJérémie PrévostAndrés FinziAnn J HessellShixia WangShan LuBenjamin K ChenSusan Zolla-PaznerChitra UpadhyayRaymond AlvarezLishan SuPublished in: PLoS pathogens (2022)
Antibodies are principal immune components elicited by vaccines to induce protection from microbial pathogens. In the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial, vaccine efficacy was 31% and the sole primary correlate of reduced risk was shown to be vigorous antibody response targeting the V1V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. Antibodies against V3 also were inversely correlated with infection risk in subsets of vaccinees. Antibodies recognizing these regions, however, do not exhibit potent neutralizing activity. Therefore, we examined the antiviral potential of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunodominant V1V2 and V3 sites by passive administration of human mAbs to humanized mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, followed by mucosal challenge with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone expressing the envelope of a tier 2 resistant HIV-1 strain. Treatment with anti-V1V2 mAb 2158 or anti-V3 mAb 2219 did not prevent infection, but V3 mAb 2219 displayed a superior potency compared to V1V2 mAb 2158 in reducing virus burden. While these mAbs had no or weak neutralizing activity and elicited undetectable levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), V3 mAb 2219 displayed a greater capacity to bind virus- and cell-associated HIV-1 envelope and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and C1q complement binding as compared to V1V2 mAb 2158. Mutations in the Fc region of 2219 diminished these effector activities in vitro and lessened virus control in humanized mice. These results demonstrate the importance of Fc functions other than ADCC for antibodies without potent neutralizing activity.
Keyphrases
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv positive
- hiv testing
- hiv infected
- monoclonal antibody
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv aids
- hepatitis c virus
- men who have sex with men
- stem cells
- dengue virus
- high fat diet induced
- south africa
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- risk assessment
- zika virus
- metabolic syndrome
- physical activity
- single cell
- endothelial cells
- ulcerative colitis
- insulin resistance
- study protocol
- dendritic cells
- multidrug resistant
- risk factors
- climate change
- antimicrobial resistance
- gram negative
- disease virus
- smoking cessation