Associations among Heavy Metals and Proteinuria and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Hui-Ju TsaiChih-Hsing HungChih-Wen WangHung-Pin TuChiu-Hui LiChun-Chi TsaiWen-Yi LinSzu-Chia ChenChao-Hung KuoPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
High blood Pb and high urine Cu may be associated with proteinuria and an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. High urine Ni, Mn, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Co-exposure to Cd and Cu, and Pb and Cr, may have synergistic effects on proteinuria.