Cryptococcus gattii Infection as the Major Clinical Manifestation in Patients with Autoantibodies Against Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.

Anti-GM-CSF Abs can cause two diseases, C. gattii cryptococcosis and PAP, which seldom occur in the same subject. Current biological evidence regarding the properties of anti-GM-CSF Abs cannot provide clues regarding decisive mechanisms. Further analysis, including more extensive cohort studies and investigations into detailed properties, is mandatory to better understand the pathogenesis of anti-GM-CSF Abs.