Bladder schistosomiasis in Italy: A case report.

The clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis depend on the inflammatory response to the parasitic infection. In particular, it can manifest in the bladder as painless dysuria, urinary incontinence and urinary frequency, hematuria, or even urinary retention if the trigone is involved. Utilization of ultrasonography for diagnostic evaluation of schistosomiasis is mandatory. For treatment, the World Health Organization recommends praziquantel which has an efficacy of up to 90%.