Response of small female and midsize male models with active musculature in pre-crash maneuvers and low-speed impacts.

The responses of the F05-OS+Active and M50-OS+Active models were better than control models based on overall CORA scores calculated using both sled and field tests. The results highlight their ability to predict occupant kinematics in crash-mitigating maneuvers and low-speed impacts in the frontal, lateral and frontal-oblique directions.