Covered stent placement for gastroduodenal artery stump hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy: long-term patency and risk factor of stent failure.

1. Covered stent placement is an effective and safe management of postoperative GDA stump hemorrhage.2. Stent failure occurred frequently (50%) but did not cause liver ischemia.3. Stent failure was associated with recurrence of primary malignancy.