Association Between Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Diabetes may be protective against early PC stages, yet evidence linking diabetes to risk across all stages, and advanced PC specifically, is less conclusive. High heterogeneity may partially explain discrepancy in findings and was mostly associated with study design, method used for PC diagnosis, and risk measures. Our results may aid risk stratification of males with diabetes and inform new approaches for PC screening in this group, especially considering the reduced sensitivity of prostate-specific antigen values for those with diabetes.