Ultrasound to address medullary sponge kidney: a retrospective study.

Isabella PisaniRoberto GiacosaSara GiuliottiDario MorettoGiuseppe RegolistiChiara CantarelliAugusto VaglioEnrico FiaccadoriLucio Manenti

Published in: BMC nephrology (2020)

We identified a peculiar tetrad associated with MSK: 1) hypoechoic medullary areas, 2) hyperechoic spots, 3) microcystic dilatation of papillary zone, 4) multiple calcifications (linear, small stones or calcified intracystic sediment) in each papilla. The presence of this diagnostic tetrad, added to laboratory data and clinical history, could be helpful in the differential diagnosis to identify patients with MSK.

Keyphrases

magnetic resonance imaging
heavy metals
electronic health record
big data
risk assessment
clear cell
urinary tract
data analysis
contrast enhanced ultrasound