Exposure to epididymal extracellular vesicles enhances immature sperm function and sustains vitality of cryopreserved spermatozoa in the domestic cat model.

Epididymal EVs contain multiple factors contributing to immature sperm function, specifically enhancing the ability to complete a faster pronuclear apposition with subsequently improved early embryonic development. Supplementation was also beneficial to the motility of spermatozoa that had undergone cryopreservation. Those new findings could lead to new options for male fertility treatment in animal models and humans.