Ketamine prevents inflammation-induced reduction of human hippocampal neurogenesis via inhibiting the production of neurotoxic metabolites of the kynurenine pathway.

Results suggest that R- and S-ketamine have pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, however, this is mediated by inhibition of the kynurenine pathway only in the context of IL-1b. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ketamine's antidepressant effects in the context of different inflammatory phenotypes, ultimately leading to the development of more effective, personalised therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from depression.