New Paralogs of the Heliothis virescens ABCC2 Transporter as Potential Receptors for Bt Cry1A Proteins.

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a superfamily of membrane proteins. These active transporters are involved in the export of different substances such as xenobiotics. ABC transporters from subfamily C (ABCC) have also been described as functional receptors for different insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in several lepidopteran species. Numerous studies have characterized the relationship between the ABCC2 transporter and Bt Cry1 proteins. Although other ABCC transporters sharing structural and functional similarities have been described, little is known of their role in the mode of action of Bt proteins. For Heliothis virescens , only the ABCC2 transporter and its interaction with Cry1A proteins have been studied to date. Here, we have searched for paralogs to the ABCC2 gene in H. virescens , and identified two new ABC transporter genes: HvABCC3 and HvABCC4 . Furthermore, we have characterized their gene expression in the midgut and their protein topology, and compared them with that of ABCC2. Finally, we discuss their possible interaction with Bt proteins by performing protein docking analysis.