Enhanced Mass Transfer of Ozone and Emerging Pollutants through a Gas-Solid-Liquid Reaction Interface for Efficient Water Decontamination.

Ozone (O 3 ), as an environmentally friendly oxidant, is widely used to remove emerging pollutants and ensure the safety of the water supply, whereas the restricted accessibility of O 3 and limited collision frequency between pollutants and O 3 will inevitably reduce the ozonation efficiency. To promote the chemical reactions between O 3 and target pollutants, here we developed a novel gas-solid-liquid reaction interface dominated triphase ozonation system using a functional hydrophobic membrane with an adsorption layer as the O 3 distributor and place where chemical reactions occurred. In the triphase system, the functional hydrophobic membrane simultaneously improved the interface adsorption performance of emerging pollutants and the access pathway of O 3 , leading to a marked enhancement of interfacial pollutant concentration and O 3 levels. These synergistic qualities result in high ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal efficiency (94.39%) and fast apparent reaction rate constant ( k app , 2.75 × 10 -2 min -1 ) versus a traditional O 3 process (41.82% and 0.48 × 10 -2 min -1 , respectively). In addition, this triphase system was an advanced oxidation process involving radical participation and showed excellent degradation performance of multiple emerging pollutants. Our findings highlight the importance of gas-solid-liquid triphase reaction interface design and provide new insight into the efficient removal of emerging pollutants by the ozonation process.