Effects of a Diabetic Microenvironment on Neurodegeneration: Special Focus on Neurological Cells.
Vishal ChavdaDhananjay YadavSnehal S PatelMinseok SongPublished in: Brain sciences (2024)
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition associated with high levels of blood glucose which leads to serious damage to the heart, kidney, eyes, and nerves. Elevated blood glucose levels damage brain function and cognitive abilities. They also lead to various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. High neuronal glucose levels can cause drastic neuronal damage due to glucose neurotoxicity. Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, play a vital role in maintaining brain glucose levels through neuron-astrocyte coupling. Hyperglycemia leads to progressive decline in neuronal networks and cognitive impairment, contributing to neuronal dysfunction and fostering a neurodegenerative environment. In this review, we summarize the various connections, functions, and impairments of glial cells due to metabolic dysfunction in the diabetic brain. We also summarize the effects of hyperglycemia on various neuronal functions in the diabetic brain.
Keyphrases
- blood glucose
- cerebral ischemia
- glycemic control
- type diabetes
- cognitive decline
- oxidative stress
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- induced apoptosis
- resting state
- white matter
- brain injury
- blood brain barrier
- blood pressure
- cognitive impairment
- functional connectivity
- cell cycle arrest
- mild cognitive impairment
- cardiovascular disease
- wound healing
- stem cells
- single cell
- diabetic rats
- cell death
- insulin resistance
- atrial fibrillation
- optical coherence tomography
- adipose tissue
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- bone marrow
- skeletal muscle
- cell proliferation
- spinal cord
- metabolic syndrome
- signaling pathway