The State of Art of Regenerative Therapy in Cardiovascular Ischemic Disease: Biology, Signaling Pathways, and Epigenetics of Endothelial Progenitor Cells.
Fabio PerrottaAngelica PernaKlara KomiciErsilia NigroMariano MollicaVito D'AgnanoAntonio De LucaGermano GuerraPublished in: Cells (2020)
Ischemic heart disease is currently a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual therapeutic scenario does not target myocardial cell regeneration and consequently, the progression toward the late stage of chronic heart failure is common. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived stem cells that contribute to the homeostasis of the endothelial wall in acute and chronic ischemic disease. Calcium modulation and other molecular pathways (NOTCH, VEGFR, and CXCR4) contribute to EPC proliferation and differentiation. The present review provides a summary of EPC biology with a particular focus on the regulatory pathways of EPCs and describes promising applications for cardiovascular cell therapy.
Keyphrases
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- endothelial cells
- signaling pathway
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- liver failure
- cell proliferation
- drug induced
- cerebral ischemia
- risk factors
- ejection fraction
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- respiratory failure
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular disease
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- hepatitis b virus
- type diabetes
- pi k akt
- single molecule
- bone marrow
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- blood brain barrier
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- oxidative stress
- brain injury
- antiretroviral therapy