Multimodality imaging of the ischemic right ventricle: an overview and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm.
Alberto Maria LanzoneA AlbiniG E MandoliA BaggianoG VincoF BanderaA D'AndreaR EspositoF D'AscenziR SorrentinoC SantoroG BenfariF ContorniM Camelinull nullPublished in: The international journal of cardiovascular imaging (2021)
Right ventricular (RV) involvement is frequently detected in patients presenting with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction. The ischemic right ventricle carries a dismal outcome by predisposing the heart to arrhythmic events and mechanical or hemodynamic complications. A comprehensive RV evaluation by multimodality imaging could guide clinical practice but has always been a conundrum for the imagers. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the best first-line tool due to its availability of bedside capabilities. More advanced imaging techniques provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the complex RV geometry but are mostly reserved for the post-acute setting. Three-dimensional echocardiography has improved the evaluation of RV volumes and function. The recent application of speckle-tracking echocardiography to the right ventricle appears promising, allowing the earlier detection of subtle RV dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for the RV assessment. Cardiac multidetector computed tomography could be a reliable alternative. The aim of this review is to focus on the growing importance of multimodality imaging of the ischemic right ventricle and to propose a diagnostic algorithm, in order to reach a comprehensive assessment of this too frequently neglected chamber.
Keyphrases
- left ventricular
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- computed tomography
- pulmonary hypertension
- mitral valve
- high resolution
- magnetic resonance imaging
- pulmonary artery
- heart failure
- liver failure
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- machine learning
- clinical practice
- acute myocardial infarction
- positron emission tomography
- oxidative stress
- drug induced
- coronary artery disease
- magnetic resonance
- congenital heart disease
- mass spectrometry
- cerebral ischemia
- fluorescence imaging
- deep learning
- hepatitis b virus
- atrial fibrillation
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- blood brain barrier
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- risk factors
- silver nanoparticles
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation