Fusobacterium nucleatum infection activates the noncanonical inflammasome and exacerbates inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis.

Caspase activation results in pyroptosis, inflammatory cell death that contributes to several inflammatory diseases by releasing inflammatory cytokines and cellular contents. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a periodontal pathogen frequently detected in human cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Studies have reported that F. nucleatum infection leads to NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis, but the precise activation process and disease association remain poorly understood. This study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection exacerbates acute colitis in mice and activates pyroptosis through caspase-11-mediated Gasdermin D cleavage in macrophages. Furthermore, F. nucleatum-infection in colitis mice induces the enhancement of IL-1⍺ secretion from the colon, affecting weight loss and severe disease activities. Neutralization of IL-1⍺ protects F. nucleatum-infected mice from severe colitis. Therefore, F. nucleatum infection facilitates inflammation in acute colitis with IL-1⍺ from colon tissue by activating noncanonical inflammasome through Gasdermin D cleavage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.