Identification and validation of Birc5 as a novel activated cell cycle program biomarker associated with infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Birc5 was a potential biomarker and inducer of intratumor infiltration of MDSCs, which led to T cell exclusion or dysfunction in tumor immune microenvironment, consequently resulting in reduced response to ICIs in HCC.