Surface-Tension-Dominant Crystallization of 2D Perovskite Single Crystals for Vertically Oriented Hetero-/Homo-Structure Photodetectors.

2D halide perovskites feature solution processability and tunable optoelectronic properties for optoelectronic applications. However, the controllable fabrication of halide perovskite heterojunction still remains a challenge. Herein, through controlling surface tension and nucleation driving force, a fast and facile aqueous floating growth is demonstrated to obtain a series of large-area single-crystalline 2D perovskite microplates at room temperature. The optoelectronic performance of 2D perovskites can be tuned by composition engineering, and the best performance is realized for quantum well index n = 4, including a suppressed dark current with boosted photocurrent and an on/off ratio up to 3.5 orders of magnitude. Benefiting from a convenient transfer method onto arbitrary substrates, vertically oriented 2D perovskite hetero-/homo-junctions are gently stacked, which exhibit improved self-powered characteristics. This straightforward growth strategy is an universal solution-processed method for growing 2D perovskites, laying the foundation of the 2D perovskite hetero-/homo-junction for future miniaturization and functionalization of next-generation optoelectronics.