Prognosis and risk factors of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer in central China.

Advanced tumor stage and presence of a high-grade tumor were risk factors for not only poor UTUC prognosis but also BC recurrence. In addition, preoperative ureteroscopy, ureteral urothelial carcinoma and DM without metformin use were high risk factors for BC recurrence, whereas regular postoperative bladder perfusion chemotherapy was a protective factor.